Scientific Researches On:
Ganoderma Lucidum (Reishi Mushroom)
USA National Center for Biotechnology Information
-
41:
J Biosci Bioeng. 2001;92(6):550-5.
-
Effect of mycelial culture broth of Ganoderma lucidum
on the growth characteristics of human cell lines.
Chung WT,
Lee SH,
Kim JD,
Park YS,
Hwang B,
Lee SY,
Lee HY.
Division of Food and Biotechnology, Kangwon National
University, Chunchon 200-701, Korea.
Two types of purified samples, water-soluble (sample A; M.
W, 1.2 x 10(6) dalton) and water-insoluble (sample C; M.
W., 1.0 x 10(6) dalton) samples, were obtained through
consecutive separation processes from the culture broth of
Ganoderma lucidia mycelium. It was found that both samples
from the culture broth were very effective in inhibiting
the growth of several human cancer cell lines, having a
93-85% growth inhibition on Hep3B, AGS and A549 with the
least cytotoxicity on the normal human lung cell line,
WRL68 of less than 25% the highest supplementation
concentration of 1.0 mg/l. In general, the sample C showed
greater inhibition of cancer cell growth than the sample
A. The same trend was also observed in antimutagenicity
using the Chinese hamster ovary cell line (CHO test) or
Salmonella typhimurium (Ames test). The CHO test showed
that sample C had higher antimutagenicity on mutagens 4NQO
or MMNG than sample A (approximately 40% vs approximately
25%). The percentage of antimutagenicity from the Ames
test was lower than that from the CHO test, possibly due
to the difference in the sensitivity of mutagens. The
water-insoluble sample greatly enhanced the growth of the
human T cell line (H9) up to 1 x 10(5) with sample
supplementation at 1.0 mg/l concentration from 4.3 x 10(4)
without sample supplementation as well as improved the
secretion level of both IL-6 and TNF-alpha up to 100 pg/ml
from approximately 40 pg/ml without sample
supplementation. The kinetics of response to the immune
cell growth was illustrated by the response time obtained
when the sample concentration was increased. The
water-insoluble sample can be used for effectively
treating cancer in that it accelerated apoptosis of human
carcinoma cells up to 70% compared to less than 50% for
the control. The sample also increased the differentiation
ratio of HL-60 cells up to 58% after four days of
cultivation, compared to 18% in the case of no sample
supplementation. These results can be used in implying
that the insoluble part of G. lucidium mycelium culture
broth must be related to controlling signal transduction,
resulting in the regulation of cancer cell growth.
PMID: 16233144 [PubMed]
-
[Luminous quack doctor]
[Article in German]
[No authors listed]
PMID: 16209366 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
-
Effects of water-soluble Ganoderma lucidum
polysaccharides on the immune functions of patients with
advanced lung cancer.
Gao Y,
Tang W,
Dai X,
Gao H,
Chen G,
Ye J,
Chan E,
Koh HL,
Li X,
Zhou S.
Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey
University, New Zealand.
Preclinical studies have established that the
polysaccharide fractions of Ganoderma lucidum have
potential antitumor activity. Recent clinical studies have
demonstrated that G. lucidum polysaccharides enhance host
immune functions [e.g., enhanced natural killer (NK) cell
activity] in patients with advanced solid tumors, although
an objective response was not observed. This open-label
study aimed to evaluate the effects of water-soluble G.
lucidum polysaccharides (Ganopoly, Encore International
Corp., Auckland, New Zealand) on immune functions in
patients with advanced lung cancer. Thirty-six patients
were enrolled and treated with 5.4 g/day Ganopoly for 12
weeks. In the 30 cancer patients who completed the trial,
treatment with Ganopoly did not significantly alter the
mean mitogenic reactivity to phytohemagglutinin, mean
counts of CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD56, mean plasma
concentrations of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and interferon
(IFN)-gamma, or NK activity in the patients, but the
results were significantly variable. However, some cancer
patients demonstrated markedly modulated immune functions.
The changes in IL-1 were correlated with those for IL-6,
IFN-gamma, CD3, CD8, and NK activity (P < .05), and IL-2
changes were correlated with those for IL-6, CD8, and NK
activity. The results suggest that subgroups of cancer
patients might be responsive to Ganopoly in combination
with chemotherapy/radiotherapy. Further studies are needed
to explore the efficacy and safety of Ganopoly used alone
or in combination with chemotherapy/radiotherapy in lung
cancer patients.
Publication Types:
PMID: 16117607 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
-
Ganoderic acid produced from submerged culture of
Ganoderma lucidum induces cell cycle arrest and
cytotoxicity in human hepatoma cell line BEL7402.
Yang HL.
School of Life & Environmental Science, Wenzhou
University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.
yanghl999@yahoo.com
Ganoderic acid (GA), produced by submerged culture of
Ganoderma lucidum, at 500 microg/ml, caused nearly a 70%
inhibition of the growth of human hepatoma cell line
BEL7402 but not of a normal human liver cell line L02.
Flow cytometry analyses showed that GA blocked the BEL7402
cell cycle at the transition from G(1 )to S phase.
PMID: 16086244 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
-
A prospective, randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled study of the platelet and global
hemostatic effects of Ganoderma lucidum (Ling-Zhi) in
healthy volunteers.
Kwok Y,
Ng KF,
Li CC,
Lam CC,
Man RY.
Department of Anaesthesiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong
Kong SAR, China.
Ganoderma lucidum is a Chinese herbal medicine popular
with cancer patients. Previous in vitro studies suggested
that Ganoderma lucidum might impair hemostasis. In this
prospective, randomized double-blind study, healthy
volunteers received orally Ganoderma lucidum capsules 1.5
g (n = 20) or placebo (n = 20) daily for 4 wk. We
monitored subjects before drug administration and at 4 and
8 wk thereafter by routine coagulation screen, fibrinogen
concentration, von Willebrand ristocetin cofactor
activity, platelet function analyzer PFA-100, and
thrombelastography. There were no significant
between-group differences and all measurements remained
within the normal range. Ganoderma lucidum ingestion over
4 wk was not associated with impairment of hemostasis.
IMPLICATIONS: Ingestion of Ganoderma lucidum does not
cause impairment of hemostatic function in healthy
volunteers, despite earlier in vitro reports that it may
cause platelet inhibition and may have other
antithrombotic and fibrinolytic activity. The use of
Ganoderma lucidum preoperatively is unlikely to increase
the risk of surgical bleeding in otherwise healthy
patients.
Publication Types:
PMID: 16037156 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
[Chemistry of polysaccharide Lzps-1 from Ganoderma
lucidum spore and anti-tumor activity of its total
polysaccharides]
[Article in Chinese]
Jiang Y,
Wang H,
Lü L,
Tian GY.
Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032,
China.
AIM: To study the structure and anti-tumor activity of
polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum spore treated with
microwave. METHODS: DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-50
column chromatography were used to isolate and purify the
polysaccharide whose structure was characterized by using
chemical and spectral methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: One
polysaccharide, named Lzps-1 was obtained from the water
extract, with its molecular weight estimated by HPGPC to
be 8000. Its structure was investigated to be glucan. The
total polysaccharides, Lzps processed antitumor activity
against sarcoma 180 and Lewis lung cancer in mice and
enhanced the NK cell activity. Lzps-1 is obtained for the
first time from Ganoderma spore Lzps has anti-tumor
activity.
Publication Types:
PMID: 16011264 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
-
A quantum chemical and statistical study of ganoderic
acids with cytotoxicity against tumor cell.
Yang HL,
Chen GH,
Li YQ.
School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou
University, Middle Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325027, China.
yangh1999@yahoo.com
A set of molecular properties (variables) of 24 ganoderic
acids with cytotoxicities against Meth-A tumor cells was
calculated by the molecular orbital semi-empirical method
AM1 and ChemPropStd. Pattern recognition techniques,
principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical
cluster analysis (HCA) were employed to reduce
dimensionality and investigate which subset of variables
could be more effective for classifying the ganoderic
acids according to their degree of cytotoxicities against
tumor cells. The PCA and HCA studies showed that EHOMO
(highest occupied molecular orbital energy), Mulliken
electronegativity (chi), electronic energy (Eel), log P (octanol/water
partition coefficient), and Connolly molecular area (MA)
are the most important variables for the classification
between the ganoderic acids with higher and lower
cytotoxicities against tumor cells.
PMID: 16006013 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
Antitumor activity and underlying mechanisms of
ganopoly, the refined polysaccharides extracted from
Ganoderma lucidum, in mice.
Gao Y,
Gao H,
Chan E,
Tang W,
Xu A,
Yang H,
Huang M,
Lan J,
Li X,
Duan W,
Xu C,
Zhou S.
Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey
University, Auckland, New Zealand.
Ganopoly is an aqueous polysaccharide fraction extracted
from G. lucidum by patented biochemical technique and has
been marketed as an over-the-counter product for chronic
diseases including cancer and hepatopathy in many Asian
countries. This study was undertaken to explore the anti-tumour
effect and the underlying mechanisms of Ganopoly in mice
and human tumor cell lines. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD)
of Ganopoly in mice was estimated to be 100 mg/kg from a
pilot study. Treatment of mice with oral Ganopoly for 10
days significantly reduced the tumour weight of
sarcoma-180 in a dose-dependent manner, with inhibition
rates of 32.3, 48.2 and 84.9% and growth delays of 1.5,
3.5, and 13.1 days at 20, 50, and 100 mg/kg, respectively.
Incubation of Ganopoly at 0.05-1.0 mg/ml for 48 hours
showed little or negligible cytotoxicity against human
tumor CaSki, SiHa, Hep3B, HepG2, HCT116 HT29, and MCF7
cells in vitro. In contrast, 10 mg/ml of Ganopoly caused
significant cytotoxicity in all tumour cells tested except
MCF7, with marked apoptotic effect observed in CaSki,
HepG2, and HCT116 cells, as indicated by nuclear staining
and DNA fragmentation. In addition, Ganopoly enhanced
concanavalin A-stimulated proliferation of murine
splenocytes by 35.3% at 10 mg/ml, and stimulated the
production of nitric oxide in thioglycollate-primed murine
peritoneal macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner
over 0.05-10 mg/ml. Addition of Ganopoly at 1 mg/ ml to
murine peritoneal macrophages also potentiated
lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production by
64.2%. Treatment of healthy mice or mice bearing
sarsoma-180 with oral Ganopoly over 20-100 mg/kg for 7 day
significantly increased the expression of both TNF-alpha
and IFN-gamma (at both mRNA and protein levels) in
splenocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover,
treatment of Ganopoly over 20-100 mg/kg significantly
increased cytotoxic T lymphocyte cytotoxicity and NK
activity in mice. The overall findings indicated that
Ganopoly had antitumor activity with a broad spectrum of
immuno-modulating activities and may represent a novel
promising immunotherapeutic agent in cancer treatment.
Publication Types:
PMID: 15921158 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
-
A randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study
of a Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extract in
neurasthenia.
Tang W,
Gao Y,
Chen G,
Gao H,
Dai X,
Ye J,
Chan E,
Huang M,
Zhou S.
New Zealand Institute of Natural Medicine Research,
Auckland, New Zealand.
Ganoderma lucidum has been widely used to treat various
diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and neurasthenia in
many Asian countries. This randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled parallel study aimed to investigate the
efficacy and safety of a polysaccharide extract of G.
lucidum (Ganopoly) in Chinese patients with neurasthenia.
One hundred thirty-two patients with neurasthenia
according to the diagnosis criteria of the 10th
International Classification of Diseases were included in
this study. Written consents were obtained from the
patients, and the study was conducted in accordance with
Good Clinical Practice guidelines. Patients were
randomized to receive Ganopoly or placebo orally at 1,800
mg three times a day for 8 weeks. Efficacy assessments
comprised the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) improvement
of severity scale and the Visual Analogues Scales for the
sense of fatigue and well-being. In 123 assessable
patients in two treatment groups at the end of the study,
Ganopoly treatment for 8 weeks resulted in significantly
lower scores after 8 weeks in the CGI severity score and
sense of fatigue, with a respective reduction of 15.5% and
28.3% from baseline, whereas the reductions in the placebo
group were 4.9% and 20.1%, respectively. The score at day
56 in the sense of well-being increased from baseline to
38.7% in the Ganopoly group compared with 29.7% in the
placebo group. The distribution of the five possible
outcomes from very much improved to minimally worse was
significantly different (X (2) = 10.55; df = 4; P = .0322)
after treatment with Ganopoly or placebo. There was a
percentage of 51.6% (32 of 62) in the Ganopoly group rated
as more than minimally improved compared with 24.6% (15 of
61) in the placebo group (X (2) = 9.51; df = 1; P = .002).
Ganopoly was well tolerated in the study patients. These
findings indicated that Ganopoly was significantly
superior to placebo with respect to the clinical
improvement of symptoms in neurasthenia.
Publication Types:
PMID: 15857210 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
New anticancer agents: in vitro and in vivo evaluation
of the antitumor and antimetastatic actions of various
compounds isolated from medicinal plants.
Kimura Y.
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of
Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa Toh-on City, Ehime
791-0295, Japan. yokim@m.ehime-u.ac.jp
In this review, in the search for the development of new
anticancer drugs, the effects of compounds isolated from
various medicinal plants on tumor growth and metastasis,
using mice bearing a highly metastatic drug-resistant
mouse tumor, were studied. The antitumor and
antimetastatic actions of stilbene derivatives isolated
from Polygonum and Cassia species were examined. Among the
stilbene derivatives, resveratrol and cassiagrol A (stilbene
dimer) displayed antitumor and antimetastatic actions
through the inhibition of tumor-induced neovascularization
in in vitro and in vivo models. It was found that two
chalcone derivatives from Angelica keiskei roots also
inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in tumor-bearing
mice through the inhibition of tumor-induced
neovascularization and/or the inhibition of immune
suppression caused by tumors. Recently, basidiomycete
fungi have been used for the treatment of cancer. Then,
the low molecular weight substances were isolated from
Agaricus blazei and Ganoderma lucidum as antitumor and
antimetastatic substances. It is suggested that these
substances of basidiomycete also inhibited tumor growth
and metastasis to the lung through the inhibition of
tumor-induced neovascularization and/or the inhibition of
immune suppression caused by tumors.
Publication Types:
PMID: 15796155 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
-
Ganoderma lucidum suppresses angiogenesis through the
inhibition of secretion of VEGF and TGF-beta1 from
prostate cancer cells.
Stanley G,
Harvey K,
Slivova V,
Jiang J,
Sliva D.
Cancer Research Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute,
1800 N Capitol Ave, E504, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) is a popular medicinal
mushroom that has been used as a home remedy for the
general promotion of health and longevity in East Asia.
The dried powder of G. lucidum, which was recommended as a
cancer chemotherapy agent in traditional Chinese medicine,
is currently popularly used worldwide in the form of
dietary supplements. We have previously demonstrated that
G. lucidum induces apoptosis, inhibits cell proliferation,
and suppresses cell migration of highly invasive human
prostate cancer cells PC-3. However, the molecular
mechanism(s) responsible for the inhibitory effects of G.
lucidum on the prostate cancer cells has not been fully
elucidated. In the present study, we examined the effect
of G. lucidum on angiogenesis related to prostate cancer.
We found that G. lucidum inhibits the early event in
angiogenesis, capillary morphogenesis of the human aortic
endothelial cells. These effects are caused by the
inhibition of constitutively active AP-1 in prostate
cancer cells, resulting in the down-regulation of
secretion of VEGF and TGF-beta1 from PC-3 cells. Thus, G.
lucidum modulates the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and Akt
kinases in PC-3 cells, which in turn inhibits the activity
of AP-1. In summary, our results suggest that G. lucidum
inhibits prostate cancer-dependent angiogenesis by
modulating MAPK and Akt signaling and could have potential
therapeutic use for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Publication Types:
PMID: 15781230 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
-
Selective induction of apoptosis in murine skin
carcinoma cells (CH72) by an ethanol extract of Lentinula
edodes.
Gu YH,
Belury MA.
Bastyr University, 14500 Juanita Drive NE, WA 98028, USA.
The effects of ethanol extracts from four species of
mushroom fruiting bodies, mushroom spores and mushroom
cultured broth, were assessed for modulation of cell
proliferation and apoptosis in murine skin carcinoma cells
(CH72) and non-tumorigenic epidermal cells (C50). While
extracts from mycelia of Grifola frondosa, Ganoderma
lucidum, Hericium erinaceus, or from spores of G. lucidum
exerted little, if any, effect on proliferation, the
ethanol-soluble extract of Lentinula edodes (L. edodes)
significantly decreased cell proliferation of CH72 cells.
There were no changes in the proliferative response of the
non-tumorigenic keratinocyte cell line, C50, to any of the
mushroom extracts tested. To analyze cell proliferation
and apoptosis, fluorescent DNA-microscopy with ethidium
bromide and acridine orange staining of cells revealed L.
edodes reduced cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in
time- and dose-dependent manners in carcinoma cells but
had no effect in non-tumorigenic cells (C50). Cell cycle
analysis demonstrated that L. edodes extract induced a
transient G(1) arrest, with no changes observed in the
non-tumorigenic cells (C50).
Publication Types:
PMID: 15737684 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
-
Botanical medicine and cancer: a review of the safety
and efficacy.
Boon H,
Wong J.
Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Toronto, ON M5S 2S2,
Canada. heather.boon@utoronto.ca
It is currently estimated that > 50% of all patients
diagnosed with cancer explore complementary and
alternative medicine - especially herbal medicine. We
conducted a comprehensive review to assess the safety and
efficacy of herbal medicines commonly used by patients in
an attempt to: prevent cancer; treat cancer; and treat
adverse effects associated with conventional cancer
treatments. Current evidence suggests that Asian ginseng,
garlic, green tea, tomatoes and soy intake as part of the
diet may be useful in preventing various cancers;
additional research is needed in order to determine the
efficacy of essiac, evening primrose oil, mistletoe,
reishi, shiitake and turmeric as cancer treatments; and
ginger may be effective in treating chemotherapy-induced
nausea and vomiting.
Publication Types:
PMID: 15571467 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
-
[Progress in research on Ganoderma lucidium spore]
[Article in Chinese]
Zhang W,
Zeng YS.
Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan Medical
College, SUN Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong
Province 510080, China. weizhangwz@hotmail.com
Publication Types:
PMID: 15539032 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
-
Ganoderma lucidum extracts inhibit growth and induce
actin polymerization in bladder cancer cells in vitro.
Lu QY,
Jin YS,
Zhang Q,
Zhang Z,
Heber D,
Go VL,
Li FP,
Rao JY.
Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, David
Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los
Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
This study was conducted to investigate chemopreventive
effects of Ganoderma lucidum using a unique in vitro human
urothelial cell (HUC) model consisted of HUC-PC cells and
MTC-11 cells. Ethanol and water extracts of fruiting
bodies and spores of the G. lucidum were used to examine
growth inhibition, actin polymerization status, and impact
of actin remodeling on cell migration and adhesion.
Results showed that ethanol extracts had a stronger growth
inhibition effect than water extracts. Cell cycle analysis
showed that the growth inhibition effect was associated
with G2/M arrest. At non-cytotoxic concentrations (40-80
microg/ml), these extracts induced actin polymerization,
which in turn inhibited carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl induced
migration in both cell lines. The increased actin
polymerization was associated with increased stress fibers
and focal adhesion complex formation, however, expression
of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and focal adhesion kinase
(total and phospholated) were unchanged, which suggests
that other mechanisms may be involved.
Publication Types:
PMID: 15500944 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
Ganoderma lucidum suppresses growth of breast cancer
cells through the inhibition of Akt/NF-kappaB signaling.
Jiang J,
Slivova V,
Harvey K,
Valachovicova T,
Sliva D.
Cancer Research Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute,
Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi, Lingzhi) is a popular Asian
mushroom that has been used for more than 2 millennia for
the general promotion of health and was therefore called
the "Mushroom of Immortality." Ganoderma lucidum was also
used in traditional Chinese medicine to prevent or treat a
variety of diseases, including cancer. We previously
demonstrated that Ganoderma lucidum suppresses the
invasive behavior of breast cancer cells by inhibiting the
transcription factor NF-kappaB. However, the molecular
mechanisms responsible for the inhibitory effects of
Ganoderma lucidum on the growth of highly invasive and
metastatic breast cancer cells has not been fully
elucidated. Here, we show that Ganoderma lucidum inhibits
proliferation of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells by
downregulating Akt/NF-kappaB signaling. Ganoderma lucidum
suppresses phosphorylation of Akt on Ser473 and
downregulates the expression of Akt, which results in the
inhibition of NF-kappaB activity in MDA-MB-231 cells. The
biological effect of Ganoderma lucidum was demonstrated by
cell cycle arrest at G0/G1, which was the result of the
downregulation of expression of NF-kappaB-regulated cyclin
D1, followed by the inhibition of cdk4. Our results
suggest that Ganoderma lucidum inhibits the growth of
MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells by modulating Akt/NF-kappaB
signaling and could have potential therapeutic use for the
treatment of breast cancer.
Publication Types:
PMID: 15489214 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
-
Novel antioxidant peptides from fermented mushroom
Ganoderma lucidum.
Sun J,
He H,
Xie BJ.
College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong
Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's
Republic of China.
Oxidative stress has been linked with the pathogenesis of
many human diseases including cancer, aging, and
atherosclerosis. The present study investigates the
antioxidant activities of peptides isolated from the
medicinal mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum. G. lucidum has been
shown to possess potent antioxidant activity with little
or no side effects. Polysaccharide, polysaccharide-peptide
complex, and phenolic components of G. lucidum have been
proposed to be responsible for this antioxidant effect.
However, research has shown that the G. lucidum peptide (GLP)
is the major antioxidant component of G. lucidum. The
objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant
activity of this peptide using different oxidation
systems. GLP showed potent antioxidant activities in both
lightproof soybean oil and lard systems, assessed by lipid
peroxidant value. Compared to butylated hydroxytoluene,
GLP showed a higher antioxidant activity in the soybean
oil system. Soybean lipoxygenase activity was blocked by
GLP in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 27.1
microg/mL. GLP showed scavenging activity toward hydroxyl
radicals produced in a deoxyribose system with an IC50
value of 25 microg/mL, and GLP effectively quenched
superoxide radical anion produced by pyrogallol
autoxidation in a dose-dependent manner. Malondialdehyde
level has been used as the oxidation index in many
biological systems. GLP showed substantial antioxidant
activity in the rat liver tissue homogenates and
mitochondrial membrane peroxidation systems. The auto-hemolysis
of rat red blood cells was also blocked by GLP in a
dose-dependent manner. On the basis of these results, it
is concluded that GLP is the major constituent responsible
for the antioxidant activity of G. lucidum. GLP could play
an important role in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation
in biological systems through its antioxidant, metal
chelating, and free radical scavenging activities.
Copyright 2004 American Chemical Society
PMID: 15479035 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
-
Effects of Ganoderma lucidum on apoptotic and
anti-inflammatory function in HT-29 human colonic
carcinoma cells.
Hong KJ,
Dunn DM,
Shen CL,
Pence BC.
Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health
Sciences Center, Lubbock 79430, USA.
Ling Zhi extract (LZE) is a herbal mushroom preparation
which been used world wide for the prevention and
treatment of various cancers. The current study was
designed to evaluate these claims in human colon cancer
cells in terms of cancer preventive mechanisms. Results
have demonstrated induction of apoptosis,
anti-inflammatory action and differential cytokine
expression during induced inflammation in the human
colonic carcinoma cell line, HT-29. LZE caused no
cytotoxicity in HT-29 cells at doses less than 10,000
microg/ml. Increasing concentrations of LZE reduced
prostaglandin E2 production, but increased nitric oxide
production. LZE treatment induced apoptosis by increasing
the activity of caspase-3. RT-PCR showed that LZE at a
concentration of 5000 microg/ml decreased the expression
of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA. Among 42 cytokines tested by
protein array in this study, supplementation of LZE at
doses of 500 and 5000 microg/ml to HT-29 cells reduced the
expression of interleukin-8, macrophage inflammatory
protein 1-delta, vascular epithelial growth factor, and
platelet-derived growth factor. These results suggest that
LZE has pro-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory functions, as
well as inhibitory effects on cytokine expression during
early inflammation in colonic carcinoma cells, which may
be of significance in the use of Chinese herbal
alternative medicines for cancer prevention. Copyright (c)
2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Publication Types:
PMID: 15478180 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
Ganoderma lucidum spore extract inhibits endothelial
and breast cancer cells in vitro.
Lu QY,
Sartippour MR,
Brooks MN,
Zhang Q,
Hardy M,
Go VL,
Li FP,
Heber D.
Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition,
University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
90095, USA.
This study was conducted to investigate the anti-proliferative
activities of medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Rei-shi
or Mannentake). We have identified an alcohol extract from
the spore of Ganoderma lucidum that inhibits the in vitro
proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells
and MDA-MB231 human breast cancer cells. Further
fractionation of the alcohol extract revealed that the
ethyl acetate fraction inhibited both cell lines in a
dose-dependent manner from 2 to 40 micro g/ml. Our results
suggest that the alcohol extract from the spore of
Ganoderma lucidum may possess potential anti-tumor and
anti-angiogenic activities.
Publication Types:
PMID: 15289852 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
-
Medicinal mushroom extracts inhibit ras-induced cell
transformation and the inhibitory effect requires the
presence of normal cells.
Hsiao WL,
Li YQ,
Lee TL,
Li N,
You MM,
Chang ST.
Biomedical Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong
Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. bowhsiao@hkbu.edu.hk
Previously, we developed a simple Rat 6 (R6) cell system
by which the inhibitory effects of non-cytotoxic chemicals
can be assessed by focus formation assay upon transfection
of ras oncogene to the host cells. Using this system, two
well studied medicinal mushrooms Ganoderma lucidum and
Tricholoma lobayense with anticancer potential were
examined for their possible advert effects on cell
transformation induced by ras oncogene. Results indicated
that both species of mushrooms yielded strong inhibitory
effects on ras-induced cell transformation. Further study
on T.lobayense indicated that the DEAE-column-bound,
polysaccharides (PS)-peptide enriched, but not the unbound
fraction, showed strong inhibition in a dosage-dependent
manner. Subsequent time course study revealed that the
continued presence of the extract in the transfected
cultures was required for a maximum inhibitory effect. At
the same time, we also observed that significant levels of
inhibition occurred even when the application of the
extract was delayed until day 12 after transfection. Using
a stable transformed cell line, R6/GFP-Ras expressing
green fluorescent protein-ras fusion protein in a
co-culture assay with normal R6 cells, we demonstrated
that R6/GFP-Ras cells grew into green fluorescent foci
with striking transforming morphology in the absence of
extracts. However, in the presence of extracts, R6/GFP-Ras
cells, in most cases, remained as small colonies compiled
with only a few green fluorescent cells. Moreover, the
inhibitory effect requires the presence of R6 cells. In
our study, mushroom extracts have no effect on the growth
of individually cultured normal and transformed R6 cells.
It is noteworthy that the extracts do not affect the
level, or the subcellular localization of the Ras protein.
Collectively, the data strongly suggest that the
inhibitory effect of the mushroom extracts is not due to a
direct killing of the transformed cells, rather, it may be
mediated through the surrounding normal R6. While the
general understanding of the antitumor effect of PS and
PSPC is mediated through the cytokines released by
activated macrophages and T-lymphocytes, our data may
provide a novel alternative mechanism that the mushroom PS
peptides may exert anticancer effect by targeting the ras-mediated
signaling pathway.
PMID: 15205366 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Back
Next
 |
