Scientific Researches On:
Coriolus Versicolor (Yunzhi Mushroom)
USA National Center for Biotechnology Information
61:
Anticancer Res. 1990 Jan-Feb;10(1):55-8.
Stimulation of interferon-gamma-induced human
myelogenous leukemic cell differentiation by high
molecular weight PSK subfraction.
Kim F,
Sakagami H,
Tanuma S,
Konno K.
First Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine,
Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
PSK, a protein-bound polysaccharide extracted from the
mycelia of Coriolus versicolor (Fr.) Quel, stimulated
tumor necrosis factor-induced cytotoxicity against
mouse L-929 fibroblast. PSK also stimulated
interferon-gamma-induced differentiation of human
myelogenous leukemic U-937 and THP-1 cells. The
differentiated cells had higher proportions of cells
that expressed NBT-reducing activity and alpha-naphthyl
acetate esterase activity. Among four PSK subfractions,
the highest molecular weight fraction (MW greater than
200 kD) had the most potent stimulating activity. This
is the first report regarding direct PSK modulation of
cytokine action.
Publication Types:
PMID: 2110432 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Effect of PSK, a protein-bound polysaccharide from
Coriolus versicolor, on drug-metabolizing enzymes in
sarcoma-180 bearing and normal mice.
Fujita H,
Ogawa K,
Ikuzawa M,
Muto S,
Matsuki M,
Nakajima S,
Shimamura M,
Togawa M,
Yoshikumi C,
Kawai Y.
Department of Bacteriology, School of Dental Medicine,
Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan.
The effects of PSK and Propionibacterium acnes
(anaerobic Corynebacterium) on hepatic
drug-metabolizing enzymes were studied using
sarcoma-180 bearing and non-tumor bearing mice. PSK
had no influence on aminopyrine N-demethylase and
aniline hydroxylase activities, cytochrome P-450
concentration in hepatic microsomes, and the reductase
activity of cytochrome c in normal mice. The content
of cytochrome P-450 was not significantly reduced in
S-180 bearing mice. On the other hand, P. acnes
administration significantly decreased the amount of
cytochromes P-450 and b5 and aminopyrine N-demethylase
activity. When FT-207 (Tegafur) was administered
orally to S-180 bearing mice combined with the
immunoadjuvants, only P. acnes significantly reduced
the 5-FU levels in the serum and some organs.
PMID: 3139576 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Restoration of immune responsiveness by a
biological response modifier, PSK, in aged mice
bearing syngeneic transplantable tumor.
Matsunaga K,
Morita I,
Oguchi Y,
Fujii T,
Yoshikumi C,
Nomoto K.
Biomedical Research Laboratories, Kureha Chemical
Industries Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
PSK (Krestin) is a protein-bound polysaccharide
isolated from cultured mycelia of Coriolus versicolor
in basidiomycetes. PSK is a biological response
modifier which possesses unique characteristics. We
investigated the effects of PSK on the immune response
of aged C57BL/6 mice bearing a syngeneic
transplantable tumor adenocarcinoma 755. (a) In
C57BL/6 mice, the delayed foot pad reaction against
sheep erythrocytes and resistance to syngeneic tumor
challenge reached a peak when the mice were at 30
weeks of age, and decreased at 50-60 weeks of age. The
serum of normal mice exerts a modifying effect on
blastogenesis of lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin.
The positive effect reached a peak at 30 weeks of age,
and thereafter declined with age. (b) When
adenocarcinoma 755 was inoculated to C57BL/6 mice at
10-, 30- and 60-weeks of age, immune responses were
depressed in 10-week-old and 60-week-old mice. PSK
prevented such depression. However, in 30-week-old
mice, tumor-induced suppression was slight, and
administration of PSK to them increased proportion of
mice which did not develop a tumor. (c) In 60-week-old
tumor-bearing mice, the antitumor effects was
increased with a combination of PSK and adoptive
transfer of spleen cells from 10-week-old normal mice.
The immune responses of mice, which change with the
progress of age, are depressed by tumor burden. The
administration of PSK to aged mice is effective to
restore immune responses from tumor-induced
suppression.
Publication Types:
PMID: 3430562 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Effect of PSK on prohibited immunity of
splenectomized mice.
Fujii T,
Kano T,
Saito K,
Kobayashi Y,
Iijima H,
Matsumoto T,
Yoshikumi C,
Taguchi T.
Kureha Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Biomedical Research
Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan.
The effect of PSK (Krestine, an anti-tumor drug
prepared from Coriolus versicolor) on splenectomized
experimental animals was investigated. Splenectomy was
performed on both a tumor-free control group and a
tumor-bearing group. The administration of PSK on the
splenectomized control group significantly increased
the immune state of the host. In the case of the
tumor-bearing group, administration of PSK resulted in
restoration of the immune function as observed in the
control group. Recovery of the immunological function
was accelerated when tumor-bearing animals were
splenectomized at the terminal stage. The results
suggest that the immunomodulating effects of PSK
developed at the time of the splenectomy resulted in
anticancer activity.
PMID: 3674771 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Effect of immunostimulants and antitumor agents on
tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production.
Mori H,
Mihara M,
Teshima K,
Uesugi U,
Xu Q,
Sakamoto O,
Koda A.
Department of Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical
University, Japan.
OK-432, a lyophilized preparation of Streptococcus
pyogenes, showed a priming activity for TNF production
in mice, associated with an increase of spleen weight.
PSK, a protein-bound polysaccharide preparation from
Coriolus versicolor, did not show such activity. Both
OK-432 and PSK potentiated the TNF production in mice
primed with Corynebacterium parvum (CP) and challenged
with Escherichia coli endotoxin (LPS). Cytotoxic
antitumor agents of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU),
cyclophosphamide (CY) and bleomycin (BLM) suppressed
TNF production in mice primed with CP and challenged
with LPS. TNF production suppressed by 5-FU, CY and
BLM was partially restored by the combined treatment
with OK-432 or PSK. These results suggest that the
administration of cytotoxic antitumor agents
suppresses the intrinsic TNF production in cancer
patients, and the combined use of immunostimulants
such as OK-432 and PSK is advantageous in restoring
TNF production suppressed by cytotoxic antitumor
agents.
PMID: 2448255 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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[Restoration of immunologic responsiveness by PSK
in tumor-bearing animals]
[Article in Japanese]
Matsunaga K,
Morita I,
Oguchi Y,
Fujii T,
Yoshikumi C,
Nomoto K.
PSK is a protein-bound polysaccharide prepared from
cultured mycelium of the Basidiomycete Coriolus
versicolor. Effects of PSK on the immunologic
responsiveness in tumor-bearing animals were
investigated using syngeneic or allogeneic tumors in
mice (Lewis lung carcinoma, B16 melanoma, Meth A
fibrosarcoma, adenocarcinoma 755, X5563 plasmacytoma,
colon 26, MOPC 31C myeloma, sarcoma 180 and Ehrlich
carcinoma), rats (BC47 bladder carcinoma, Walker 256
sarcoma and AH7974 hepatoma), hamsters (HA-1T tumor
and RPMI 1846 melanoma), guinea pigs (line-10 hepatoma)
and rabbit (VX2 and VX7 tumor). Oral or
intraperitoneal administration of PSK restored the
depressed delayed hypersensitivity against sheep
erythrocytes to a normal level in these tumor-host
systems. Also, oral administration of PSK lowered the
activity of immunosuppressive substances in the serum
of tumor-bearing animals. These results suggest that
PSK exhibits antitumor effects by restoring the
depressed immunologic responsiveness in tumor-bearing
animals.
Publication Types:
PMID: 3789758 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
[Competitive effect of PSK against the
immunosuppressive effect induced in the sera of mice
bearing syngeneic tumors]
[Article in Japanese]
Matsunaga K,
Morita I,
Oguchi Y,
Fujii T,
Yoshikumi C,
Nomoto K.
PSK is a protein-bound polysaccharide prepared from
cultured mycelium of Coriolus versicolor. The
appearance of an immunosuppressive effect in sera of
tumor-bearing mice and its elimination by oral
administration of PSK were investigated using an in
vitro assay of blastoid transformation of normal
spleen cells in response to PHA. (1) An inhibitory
effect appeared in sera of X5563 plasmacytoma-bearing
mice, while a facilitating effect was noted in sera of
MH134 hepatoma- and MM 102 mammary tumor-bearing mice.
(2) The presence of both an inhibitory and a
facilitating factor was shown by Sephacryl gel
fractionation. (3) Oral administration of PSK resulted
in the elimination of the inhibitory effect from sera
of X5563-bearing mice. The facilitating effect of sera
from MH134-bearing mice was augmented by PSK
administration, but that in sera from MM102-bearing
mice was not influenced by such treatment. The
summarized effects of these factors may be expressed
as various types of effects in serum and PSK may be
effective in the elimination of a suppressive factor
from such sera.
Publication Types:
PMID: 3789757 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
[Restoration of depressed immune responses by PSK
in C3H/He mice bearing the syngeneic X5563 tumor]
[Article in Japanese]
Matsunaga K,
Morita I,
Oguchi Y,
Fujii T,
Yoshikumi C,
Nomoto K.
PSK is a protein-bound polysaccharide prepared from
cultured mycelium of Coriolus versicolor. The effects
of PSK on immunologic responsiveness were investigated
in C3H/He mice bearing syngeneic X5563 tumor. The
results were as follows. elayed foot pad reaction and
antibody-forming capacity to sheep erythrocytes were
depressed in tumor bearing mice, and such depression
was prevented by oral or intraperitoneal
administration of PSK. In vitro cytotoxic activity of
splenic lymphocytes against the tumor was augmented by
PSK administration. Antitumor effect was augmented by
combination of PSK and X-irradiation. Delayed foot pad
reaction to sheep erythrocytes was suppressed in
normal C3H/He mice given immunosuppressive substance
obtained from tumor-bearing mice, and the depressed
reaction recovered to the normal level following PSK
administration. These results show that PSK is
effective in the syngeneic murine tumor system.
Publication Types:
PMID: 3789756 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
-
Cloning of sequences induced and suppressed by
administration of PSK, antitumor protein-bound
polysaccharide.
Hirose K,
Hakozaki M,
Matsunaga K,
Yoshikumi C,
Hotta T,
Yanagisawa M,
Yamamoto M,
Endo H.
To elucidate the effects of PSK, a protein-bound
polysaccharide from Coriolus versicolor, on gene
expression in tumor cells, we prepared cDNA clone
libraries from PSK-treated and untreated cells of a
rat ascites hepatoma line, AH66, which was previously
shown to be susceptible to the antitumor action of
this compound. Two PSK-induced and one suppressed cDNA
clones were selected from these libraries by using a
differential colony hybridization and RNA blot
hybridization. PSK was thus shown to have a direct
effect on the transcription and consequently on the
translation of tumor cells.
PMID: 3977892 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
Krestin (PSK).
Tsukagoshi S,
Hashimoto Y,
Fujii G,
Kobayashi H,
Nomoto K,
Orita K.
A polysaccharide preparation isolated from Coriolus
versicolor (Fr.) Quél. of Basidiomycetes (PSK)
predominantly consists of glucan and approximately 25%
tightly bound protein. PSK was effective against
various allogeneic and syngeneic animal tumors and has
been given orally to cancer patients. Various
suppressed or enhanced immune responses of
tumor-bearing animals were restored to normal levels
by the administration of PSK in the tumor models
tested. The killer T cell activity was augmented in
tumor-bearing mice by intraperitoneal or oral
administration of PSK, and there was correlation
between the PSK associated antitumor effect and the
killer T cell activity. It was found that PSK competed
with immunosuppressive substances isolated from
tumor-bearing mice and that the intestinal immune
system appeared to be modulated by oral administration
of PSK. After oral administration of 14C- or
35S-labeled PSK to normal rats, it was found that
small or large molecular substances appeared in the
serum depending on the time elapsed after
administration, an indication that large molecular
size products were from the digestive tract.
Publication Types:
PMID: 6238674 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
Combination therapy of radiation and
immunomodulators in the treatment of MM46 tumor
transplanted in C3H/He mice.
Miyaji C,
Ogawa Y,
Imajo Y,
Imanaka K,
Kimura S.
Female C3H/He mice aged 10 weeks with transplanted
MM46 tumor were used in an investigation of the timing
of administration of immunomodulators, such as PSK (a
protein-bound polysaccharide prepared from Coriolus
versicolor), OK-432 (streptococcal preparation),
bestatin (inhibitor of aminopeptidase B) combined with
two fractionated local irradiation with the total dose
of 3,000 rad. The daily dose of 250 mg/kg of PSK, 1.0
KE/mouse of OK-432, or 300 micrograms/mouse of
bestatin were injected intraperitoneally for 4
consecutive days before or after irradiation. The
antitumor effect was evaluated by the changes of tumor
volume and survival curves. When PSK or OK-432 was
administered after irradiation, tumor growth was
decreased and 60-day survival rate and survival curve
were significantly elongated compared with the control
group and the group to which PSK or OK-432 were
administered before irradiation (p less than 0.025, p
less than 0.05, respectively). As for bestatin, no
remarkable difference was observed irrespective of the
timing of administration. These results suggested that
some immunomodulators show different antitumor
activity depending on the combined timing relative to
radiotherapy.
PMID: 6828288 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Survival time of tumor-bearing rats as related to
operative stress and immunopotentiators.
Hattori T,
Hamai Y,
Ikeda T,
Takiyama W,
Hirai T,
Miyoshi Y.
To investigate the mechanism of tumor growth
enhancement induced by operative stress in rats,
laparo-thoracotomy was performed on day 2 after tumor
cell inoculation associated with administrations of
various kinds of immunopotentiators. OK-432
(Streptococcal preparation), PS-K (extract from
mycelium of Coriolus Versicolor), Lentinan (extract
from Lentinus Edodus) and C. parvum were administered
intravenously or intraperitoneally in the fractionated
form prior to or after inoculation. In general,
administration of each immunopotentiator, except for
Lentinan, resulted in a recovery from the reduction in
survival days after laparo-thoracotomy. In particular,
OK-432 administration prior to inoculation showed a
significant improvement.
Publication Types:
PMID: 7109360 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
Effects of coriolan, an antitumor polysaccharide,
produced by Coriolus versicolor Iwade.
Ito H,
Hidaka H,
Sugiura M.
PMID: 541908 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Enhanced induction of immune resistance by
concanavalin A-bound L1210 vaccine and an
immunopotentiator prepared from Coriolus versicolor.
Kataoka T,
Oh-hashi F,
Tsukagoshi S,
Sakurai Y.
Combined administration of a vaccine consisting of a
small number (2 X 10(6)) of L1210 murine leukemic
cells treated with glutaraldehyde and concanavalin A
and a protein-bound polysaccharide preparation of
Coriolus versicolor induced synergistic resistance to
L1210 leukemia in BALB/c X DBA/2CrF1 mice. This effect
was dependent on the dose and timing of the
administration of the protein-bound polysaccharide
preparation, being most effective at the time of or 1
day after the second vaccination. Induced resistance
was not cross-reactive with P388 murine leukemia,
indicating specificity of resistance. This
immunopotentiation by the protein-bound polysaccharide
did not occur when L1210 cells treated with
glutaraldehyde, but not with concanavalin A, were used
as a vaccine.
PMID: 922733 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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[Studies on antitumor activities of
Basidiomycetes-antitumor activity of polysaccharides
and sex factors]
[Article in Japanese]
Ito H,
Naruse S,
Sugiura M.
We have already reported antitumor activities of
fungal and bacterial polysaccharides on mice. In the
present experiment, the influence of the sex on
antitumor effects on such material from Grifola
umbellata, Coriolus versicolor Fries or Sargassum
thumbergii and the immunity of mice against tumor were
investigated. The growth velocities of Sarcoma 180,
Ehrlich solid carcinoma, Pulmonary tumor 7423 and
MF-sarcoma bearing mice both without treatment and
those treated with polysaccharides were more rapid in
males than in females. The regression rates in mice
with the above tumors were higher in females than in
males. However, a few DS Mie mice with Sarcoma 180 and
A/Jax Mie mice with Ehrlich solid carcinoma regressed
spontaneously. The growth velocity of Shionogi
carcinoma 42 was not influenced by the sex. On other
hand, both males and females which had experienced a
regression of ascites tumor after the administration
of polysaccharides rejected the re-implanted Ehrlich
ascites carcinoma, Sarcoma 180, NF-sarcomma and
Shionogi carcinoma 42. These results suggest that a
strong ehancement of immune response occurs in the
tumor implanted in the host animal by the
administration of polysacchrides. The combination of
X-ray irradiation Ehrlich ascites cells and
polysacchrides strengthens the antitumor effect of
NF-sarcoma and Shionogi carcinoma 42. Peritoneal
exudate cells and lymphocytes were compared between
the male and female mice after being treated with ATSO
and P.GU-1. Such cells were present to a much greater
extent in females.
Publication Types:
PMID: 986353 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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[Antineoplastic activities of Basidiomycetes;
antineoplastic activities of polysaccharides produced
by Coriolus versicolor Fries]
[Article in Japanese]
Fujii K,
Ito H,
Naruse S.
Publication Types:
PMID: 4477091 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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